Indigenous knowledge in water resource management in Mtwara region-Ruvuma water basin, Southern Tanzania

Abstract

Indigenous knowledge (IK) plays a crucial role in sustainable water resource management, offering valuable insight into local ecosystems, climate patterns, and community practices that have been honed over generations. However, this knowledge is increasingly at risk due to climate change, urbanization and loss of cultural heritage. Therefore, this paper set out to explore the historical context and contemporary relevance of traditional beliefs and practices in water resource management in a time of diverse challenges. Through a qualitative approach, the study employed in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and document reviews to collect the data. The study found that the crux of IK was myths and beliefs about snakes. Water catchments were controlled by a snake/jinni under the trusteeship of clan elders. The clan elders enforced the protection of the water catchment and communicated with the jinni. Non-adherence to beliefs and orders led to the spring’s disappearance. IK played a great role in the use, access, management, and sustainability of water resources. It is important to preserve IK because it plays a central role in natural resource governance. The study contributes to revealing critical areas that need further study to enrich the IK body of knowledge.